Cloud computing

             ASSIGNMENT    

Subject : Cloud Computing 

Submitted by

Dhanya.B 

Roll no : 7

Physical science 

SNTC Nedunganda 

                  CLOUD COMPUTING

History

          Cloud came into existence with an idea of an “intergalactic computer network” was introduced in the sixties by J.C.R. Licklider, who was responsible for enabling the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969.The commercial advent came about a decade after when com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website. The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk. The kindle was lit and madeomnipresence with the technology influencers like Microsoft and Google shaped into the cloud corridor and till today its reported that a innumerable companies rely on Cloud.

Definition

          The cloud is just a mutation form of the Internet. Cloud computing signifies storing and accessing data, infrastructure and programs over the Internet instead of your computer’s hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet.

          Cloud Computing can be defined as a computer technology that yields the processing power of many inter-networked computers while impersonating the structure that is behind it.Cloud computing refers to an efficient method of managing lots of computer servers, data storage and networking.

          The evolution of the term “cloud” can be preferred to the anonymous nature of this technology’s framework; the system works for users yet they really have no idea the inherent complexities that the system utilizes.Cloud is a new evolution of IT service delivery from a remote location, either over the Internet or an intranet, involving multi-tenant environments enabled by virtualization.

          To handle the massive protocol Cloud is majorly divided into two major categories: Front-end – This is the part seen by the client, i.e. the computer user. This merges the client’s network and applications used to access the cloud via a user interface such as a web browser. Back- End – The back end of the cloud computing architecture is the ‘cloud’ itself, comprising various computers, servers and data storage devices.Importantly; it is the responsibility of the back end to enable built-in security mechanism, traffic control and protocols.The server employs certain protocols known as middleware, which help the connected devices to communicate with each other. Deployment models: Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located? Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid and Community. The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness, e.g., e-mail.

          The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its private nature.

          The Community Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations. The Hybrid Cloud is mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud. 

Service Models

        Service Models are the reference models on which the Cloud Computing is based. Cloud computing has three major types of service models: SaaS, PaaS and IaaS.

•  SaaS – Software as a Service                        In simple this is a service which leverages business to roll over the internet. SaaS is also called as “on-demand software” and is priced on pay-per-use basis. SaaS allows a business to reduce IT operational costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the cloud provider. 
•  PaaS – Platform as a Service                            PaaS is quiet similar to SaaS rather than SaaS been offered through web the PaaS creates software, delivered over the web.PaaS provides a computing platform and solution stack as a service. In this model user or consumers creates software using tools or libraries from the providers. Consumer also controls software deployment and configuration settings. Main aim of provider is to provide networks, servers, storage and other services. 
• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service               Infrastructure is the foundation of cloud computing. It provides delivery of computing as a shared service reducing the investment cost, operational and maintenance of hardware. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a way of delivering Cloud Computing infrastructure – servers, storage, network and operating systems – as an on-demand service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, datacenter space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service on demand.                        

Characteristics

•  On-demand self-service-A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. 
•  The Agile Functionality of the System-Possibilities of cloud solutions can be available to the system user in a short period of time, if it is necessary. Cloud dynamically allocates necessary resources in order to ensure a smooth operation, and when the flow decreases again, resources are automatically restored to its original condition. The user is free to purchase additional resources and opportunities in any quantity and at any time. 
•  Wide range network access-Implies widespread, heterogeneous network accessibility for thin, thick, mobile and other commonly used compute mediums. System capacities are available to customers through a network and can be accessed from different devices such as desktop computers, mobile phones, smartphones and tablet devices. 
•  Allocation of resources-Computer resources of providers are grouped in order to serve a large number of simultaneous users. The mechanism of processing power distribution, or the amount of memory, operates in such a way that the system dynamically allocates these parameters according to customer requirements.

Advantages

• One can access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
• Manipulate and configure the application online at any time.
• It does not require to install a specific piece of software to access or manipulate cloud application.
• Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment tools, programming runtime environment through Platform as a Service model.
•  Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that provides platform independent access to any type of clients.
• Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be used without interaction with cloud service provider.
• Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at higher efficiencies with greater utilization. It just requires an Internet connection.                     

Challenges 

• Meeting federal security requirements: Cloud vendors may not be familiar with security requirements that are unique to government agencies, such as continuous monitoring and maintaining an inventory of systems
• Reliability: In terms of reliability, it all comes down to picking a provider that is reputable and proven. Understanding the Service Level Agreement (SLA) is crucial as some providers guarantee a 100% network uptime rate and reimburse users for any downtime.
• Moving everything to the cloud: Moving everything to the cloud can be a real challenge as, while cloud is here to stay, it will not replace all traditional hosting or on-premise deployments.
• In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces are accessible through the Internet which is not secure.